Benchmark Bonds Interactions under Regime Shifts

In the present paper we examine the interactions among five benchmark ten year government bonds, namely those of the USA, Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands. Our aim is to illustrate empirically a net of interactions existing among the major bond markets of Europe and the US market taking into account shifts in the underlying stochastic processes. For this purpose, differing from the rest of the relevant empirical literature, after specifying the long run equilibrium relations we estimate the linkages between the bond markets as subject to hidden Markov chains, by applying the Markov Switching Vector Error Correction framework (MS‐VECM). This formulation is found to efficiently reflect the shifts brought about by significant economic events, such as the European monetary unification. As a result we illustrate different short‐run relations referring to the periods before and after the monetary union. Overall, our empirical results indicate that stronger interactions among the markets of the system exist in the period after the EMU. Also, by means of a variance decomposition analysis we assess leader‐follower relations which indicate that the benchmark status of bonds has changed since the introduction of the common monetary policy framework in Europe.     

Risk reporting quality: implications of academic research for financial reporting policy

In this paper, I survey empirical research on the relevance of firms’ financial report information for the evaluation of their risk. I recommend that financial reporting policymakers require or encourage firms to enhance their risk reporting quality in four ways. First, firms should report comprehensive income statements that: (1) use fair value or a similarly information-rich accounting measurement attribute and (2) separate the components of comprehensive income that are primarily driven by variation in cash flows from those that are primarily driven by variation in costs of capital. Such comprehensive income statements would provide users of financial reports with the flexibility to calculate alternative summary accounting numbers and to perform different types of risk assessment analyses. Second, firms should conduct and disclose the results of back-tests of prior significant accrual estimates, indicating any identified trends in and drivers of revisions to those estimates, and describing the effects of those revisions on current or future summary accounting numbers. Third, firms should aggregate and present risk disclosures in tabular or other well-structured formats that promote the usability of the information. Identifying existing best disclosure practices and encouraging new best practices are the most natural way to do this. Fourth, for model-dependent risk disclosures, firms should disclose the primary historical and forward-looking attributes of the models and their implementation in practice, sensitivity of the model outputs, and benchmarking of the models to standard portfolios of exposures.     

浅谈企业绩效评价中的财务指标体系

随着我国经济体制改革的深入,以财务数据为主的企业绩效评价指标的弊端逐步暴露。针对企业财务指标评价体系的局限性,应从增加非财务分析指标、引进现金流量指标以及实现企业价值最大化的目标入手,完善财务指标体系。     

金融生态平衡与我国的金融自由化模式分析

政府与市场的矛盾仍然是造成我国金融压抑的主要原因,转变金融自由化模式意义重大。本文从金融生态平衡的视角,理论分析了我国金融自由化改革的一般模式及其作用机制,研究表明金融生态平衡模式能够通过政府行为内生化、市场机制基础化和提供地位判断标准三个途径有效地协调政府行为和市场效率的矛盾,提高金融结构秩序合理性、金融自调节能力柔韧性和金融与经济的匹配性,是推动我国金融自由化改革的有效模式。     

借鉴日本银行经验 维护区域金融稳定

国际金融危机的爆发,为中央银行维护金融稳定提出了新的挑战。在新的形势下,充分借鉴日本银行对金融机构实施考核的方式,采用稳健性现场评估等新的措施,拓展我国基层央行维护金融稳定的工作方式,将有利于对系统性风险因素的早发现、早报告、早处置,最大限度降低国家维护金融稳定的总体成本。     

Two-machine flow shop scheduling with deteriorating jobs and chain precedence constraints

In this paper we investigate two-machine flow shop scheduling problems with deteriorating jobs and chain precedence constraints. We consider two types of precedence constraints. Under the first type constraints, a successor cannot start on any machine before its predecessor has been completed on the same machine. Under the second one, a successor cannot start on any machine before its predecessor has been completed on all machines. We show that the problem with the first type precedence constraints is polynomially solvable, and the problem with the second type precedence constraints is NP-hard in the strong sense.     

金融资产规模、公允价值会计 与管理层过度自信

本文以2004-2009年持有证券资产的A股上市公司为样本，对金融资产规模的决定因素进行了理论和实证研究，得到以下研究结论：（1）公允价值会计是上市公司金融资产规模显著增加的解释因素；（2）管理层过度自信在成本计量模式下与金融资产规模只有弱相关性，但在公允价值会计下却与金融资产规模显著正相关；（3）受政府控制的公司、大股东持股比例高的公司在成本计量模式下有显著更低的金融资产规模，但在公允价值会计下，特别是当管理层过度自信时，金融资产规模却呈现为显著增加。上述结论解释了会计理念、管理层行为与金融风险的内在关联性：公允价值计量模式遵循的是价值相关性原则，要求把证券持有利得也计入资产价值和会计收益，这个未来价值理念激励了公司管理层和控股股东的金融投资行为。     

论现代财务管理在企业中的应用

加强现代财务管理的必要性的原因是:新型的企业财务制度的初步形成;企业规模的扩大;企业财务管理是对企业产权的管理。加强企业财务管理的建议:树立金融意识;全面提升财务管理的层次和水平;加强成本管理;加强资金管理;加强资产管理;加强利润管理;加强风险管理;大力培养高素质的财务人员。自主管理、经营性主动管理、参与企业经营管理、优化资本结构是现代财务管理的几个要点。     

Unlocking the transformative potential of branchless banking in Indonesia

Branchless banking has the potential to significantly enhance financial inclusion among Indonesia’s large and geographically disparate unbanked population and to connect Indonesia’s micro, small and medium enterprises to the global economy. Why has the branchless-banking revolution not yet materialised? Constrained by regulation, deployments have failed to attract a critical mass of users. Indonesia’s fragmented telecommunications sector has made it difficult for providers to emulate the success stories in other countries, in which dominant providers are competing for the market with a proprietary platform. In Indonesia, it is likely that a considerable degree of interoperability will be required for providers to unleash network effects and attract users. Indonesia’s providers are experimenting in this space. Recognising branchless banking’s potential to accelerate financial inclusion, Bank Indonesia appears committed to improving the regulatory framework. This article identifies the components of an enabling regulatory environment. Success in Indonesia would provide a model for a more widespread uptake of transformative branchless banking.     

Intermediation Behavior of the Financial Superstructure in Response to Environmental Stimuli

ABSTRACT

This paper is an empirical extension aimed at investigating the relationships between the indicators of the financial superstructure and its intermediation environments; and especially how the former responds to the effects of the latter. Intermediation-environmental models patterned after multivariate regression, causality, and partial adjustment models of both linear and log-linear formulations were estimated and analyzed. The results reveal that three environments: socio-political, regulatory, and international finance-exerted significant effects on the intermediation function of the superstructure. Previous intermediation successes ginger up current performance. In the long run, the effects of the environmental factors on the intermediation function of the superstructure, in whatever direction, more than quadruples. In any given year, the Nigerian financial superstructure attains only about 21.9% of desired (optimal) FIR. Given this, it would take about 4-1/2 years for it to adjust its intermediation operations (FIR), in light of the effects of environmental factors, to optimal levels in order to significantly impact the economy as desired. Some consistent behavioral traits were identified from the results to include: the precepts of potential maximization, profit maximization, accommodation principles, survival and cost-minimization principles, and the neutrality axiom.